20 January
Live
20 January 1990

Photographs

All images come from Wikimedia Commons: free licences, with the author and terms stated under every frame.

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CC / PDlicences
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The eternal flame at the Alley of Martyrs
The eternal flame at the Alley of Martyrs — Marco F · CC BY-SA 4.0
The memorial pavilion
The memorial pavilion — Mistelblume · CC BY-SA 4.0
The Alley of Martyrs
The Alley of Martyrs — Urek Meniashvili · CC BY-SA 3.0
The entrance to the Alley
The entrance to the Alley — Bernard Gagnon · CC BY 4.0
Gravestones with portraits
Gravestones with portraits — Bernard Gagnon · CC BY 4.0
A mourning ceremony
A mourning ceremony — Ilgar Jafarov · CC BY-SA 4.0
By the wall of portraits of the dead
By the wall of portraits of the dead — Ilgar Jafarov · CC BY-SA 4.0
The mosque by the Alley of Martyrs
The mosque by the Alley of Martyrs — Uviein · CC BY-SA 4.0
The upland park above Baku
The upland park above Baku — Urmen19 · CC BY-SA 4.0
The second Alley of Martyrs
The second Alley of Martyrs — Grenzsoldat · CC BY-SA 4.0
The Turkish memorial next to the Alley
The Turkish memorial next to the Alley — Antoloji · CC BY-SA 4.0
Armoured vehicles in the streets of Baku, 1990
Armoured vehicles in the streets of Baku, 1990 — K. Martens · CC BY 3.0
The monument to the victims of 20 January in Yasamal
The monument to the victims of 20 January in Yasamal — Rəcəb Həsənbəyov · CC BY-SA 4.0
Laying red carnations
Laying red carnations — ElxanQəniyev · CC BY-SA 4.0
The Alley of Martyrs on 20 January
The Alley of Martyrs on 20 January — Press Service of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan · CC BY 4.0
A memorial sign in the “20 January” park
A memorial sign in the “20 January” park — Elmeddin82 · CC BY-SA 4.0

Photographs and licences

All images come from Wikimedia Commons under CC BY / CC BY-SA / CC0 or as public domain. The author and licence of every file are listed below.

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Headlines and photographs come from baku.ws; the feed was updated on 18 August 2026. The links lead to the publisher's site.

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Sources

Facts were checked against Wikipedia articles in three languages, the Human Rights Watch report “Black January in Azerbaijan”, reports by Memorial and the Helsinki Group, the figures of the republican commission of inquiry and the resolution of the Milli Majlis of 29 March 1994. Estimates of the death toll differ — all of them are given on the “Victims” page.