Israeli scientists have developed a new chemical model that could help explain how life originated on Earth. The study, conducted by researchers at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, suggests that interactions between two types of simple molecules can lead to the formation of structures resembling the first cell membranes.
According to the researchers, one of the key steps in the emergence of life was the formation of membranes—closed, semi-permeable structures. These membranes created isolated microenvironments where chemical reactions, primitive metabolism, and the building blocks of living cells could develop. Until now, however, scientists had not been able to explain how such membranes could arise through simple chemical processes.
Laboratory experiments showed that interactions between fatty acids and hydroxy acids, such as lactic or citric acid, produce microscopic bubbles known as vesicles. Researchers believe these vesicles could have served as precursors to the first cell membranes.
The study found that these vesicles form at significantly lower concentrations than those required by fatty acids alone. This makes the spontaneous formation of membranes far more plausible under the conditions believed to have existed on the early Earth, where concentrations of chemical compounds were relatively low.
The authors say the findings demonstrate a simple yet highly effective mechanism of molecular cooperation. According to the researchers, combining two different types of primitive molecules gives rise to new properties that neither possesses on its own. This may explain how early chemical systems became more organized and stable, paving the way for the emergence of life.
The team also observed similar effects in other acid combinations, suggesting that the mechanism may be widespread. They believe the discovery not only advances our understanding of the origin of life on Earth but also opens new opportunities for the development of biodegradable materials.
The findings have been published in the prestigious scientific journal Nature Communications.
Source: newsru.co.il
