Engineers at the University of Massachusetts Amherst have developed an artificial neuron capable of directly exchanging signals with biological neurons and mimicking their activity. The results of the study, aimed at bringing electronic systems closer to the operating principle of the human brain, were published in the journal «Nature Communications«.
The main feature of the new device is its extremely low power consumption. According to engineer Jun Yao, the artificial structure operates at a voltage of around 0.1 volts. This figure closely matches the voltage level used by natural neurons in the human body. Previous models of artificial neurons required about 10 times more voltage and 100 times more energy to operate.
The operation of the device is based on protein nanowires synthesized by bacteria. The material of biological origin can function in a humid environment similar to internal body tissues. This feature is precisely what allows the electronic system to interact effectively with living cells.
The created technology could be an important step in the development of electronic devices that mimic brain activity—neuromorphic systems. In the future, such architectures are considered a foundation for next-generation computers and intelligent machines operating with minimal energy consumption and more efficiently than modern chips.
Scientists also note strong prospects for the technology’s application in medicine. Artificial neurons will help create new neural interfaces and devices to restore lost nervous system functions. In the long term, this technology will facilitate the treatment of neurological diseases and improve integration between electronics and the human brain.
Researchers emphasize that the project is still at an early stage. Nevertheless, creating the capability for direct dialogue between an artificial element and living neurons is already seen as an important milestone toward developing complex biohybrid systems.
Source: 9tv.co.il
